Diabetes in Cats - Symptoms, Management & Insulin Treatment

What is Feline Diabetes?

Feline Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition of elevated blood glucose caused by insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance. It closely resembles type 2 diabetes in humans. Obese, older, and male cats are at higher risk. With early diagnosis and intensive management, some cats can achieve remission — normal blood glucose without insulin.

Feline Diabetes Mellitus

Risk Factors for Feline Diabetes

• Obesity: overweight cats develop insulin resistance — the primary risk factor
• Age: incidence increases in cats over 8 years
• Neutered male cats: approximately 2× higher incidence than females
• Chronic steroid use: long-term prednisolone can induce diabetes
• Physical inactivity: indoor cats with low activity levels are at increased risk

Diabetes Symptoms

• Excessive drinking and urination: high blood glucose causes glucose in urine, triggering osmotic diuresis
• Increased appetite: cells cannot use glucose, so the brain continuously signals hunger
• Weight loss: body breaks down muscle and fat for energy instead of glucose
• Hind limb weakness (diabetic neuropathy): peripheral nerve damage causes a plantigrade stance (walking on heels)
• Lethargy and poor coat condition: overall deterioration in health

Diagnosis

Blood work confirms fasting glucose >250 mg/dL persistently; urinalysis measures glucosuria and ketones. Fructosamine testing (reflects 2–3 week average glucose) distinguishes true diabetes from stress hyperglycemia. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) requires emergency hospitalization.

Insulin Therapy

• Twice-daily insulin injections: glargine or PZI insulin are commonly used for feline diabetes
• Home glucose monitoring: small blood sample from ear or paw pad; essential for insulin dose adjustment
• Hypoglycemia emergency: if glucose drops below 60 mg/dL, apply honey or syrup to gums and contact vet immediately
• Remission goal: intensive management within 6 months of diagnosis achieves remission in ~25–50% of cats

Diet and Lifestyle Management

• Low-carb, high-protein diet: wet food with <10% carbohydrate and >40% protein improves glucose control
• Weight loss (obese cats): appropriate weight reduction significantly improves insulin sensitivity
• Regular meal timing: coordinate insulin injections with feeding; consistent glucose patterns aid management
• Increase physical activity: indoor play sessions enhance insulin sensitivity

Sources & References

• Cornell Feline Health Center - Diabetes Management
• AAFP - Feline Diabetes Guidelines

※ This article is for informational purposes only. Consult a veterinarian for diagnosis and treatment.